Insuring your condo unit and building

A condominium isn’t insured the same way as an apartment or a single-family home. You own a condo unit or are you a director of a syndicate of co-owners? The following information will help you better understand and manage your insurance.  

 

How to insure a condominium

The following text deals with divided co-ownerships. If you are a co-owner of an undivided property, we suggest you contact your insurer to discuss your needs. Your insurer will generally consider you a co-owner of a home rather than the co-owner of a condominium.

Condominiums are covered by two insurance policies

1. The syndicate of co-ownersThe syndicate of co-owners represents all the co-owners and is responsible for the proper administration of the building. is responsible for insuring the building, the common portions and the common property. It must also cover the third-person liability of the syndicate and its directors.

Are you the director of a syndicate of co-owners? Here's what you need to know

2. As a co-owner, you are responsible for insuring your personal belongings, your third person liabilityCivil liability insurance is insurance that can cover the cost of certain types of damage for which the insured may be responsible. For example, if you accidentally set fire to the building where you live or if your dog bites someone. and any improvements* to your condo unit. Your co-owner’s insurance (personal property insurance) covers all these items.

This insurance is partly mandatory. By law, all co-owners must have at least third person liability insurance. They may be required to also hold other forms of coverage under the declaration of co-ownership.

* Here are two examples of improvements:

  1. When buying a new condo, you decide to install wooden kitchen cabinets instead of the melamine ones offered by the contractor.

  2. When renovating the bathroom, the previous co-owner decided to replace the moulded plastic shower stall with a ceramic one.

Find out what improvements were made to your unit by asking the syndicate for a description of the standard unit.

Key points to verify before shopping for condo insurance

The following key tips will help you shop for co-owner’s insurance (personal property insurance):

Liability insurance

The law requires you to hold third person liability insurance of at least:

  • $1 million for condo buildings that have 12 dwellings (units) or less
  • $2 million for condo building that have 13 dwellings (units) or more

Improvements

To figure out how much insurance you’ll need to cover improvements:

  • Check the description of the standard unit that the syndicate is required to keep.
  • Use the description to identify the improvements that have been made to your condo unit since it was built.
  • Talk to your agent or broker about how much insurance you’ll need to cover those improvements.

Personal belongings

To determine how much insurance you’ll need to cover your personal belongings:

  • For each room in your condo unit, estimate how much it would cost to repurchase all your belongings.
  • For a precise estimate, draw up a written inventory and attach pictures to it.
  • Inform your insurer of any high-value items you own.

Loss assessments

Your insurance covers loss assessments in certain situations. Loss assessments are special assessments charged by the syndicate against the co-owners to:

  • Pay to repair damage in excess of the insurance amount following a loss
  • Carry out repairs following an uninsured loss

To benefit from the coverage, however, you must be insured for the loss that led to the loss assessment. For example, if there is a sewer back-up in the building’s basement and you did not purchase sewer back-up insurance, you will not be covered for the loss assessment.

How much you will pay

The best way to obtain a good price is to shop around for your insurance and get quotes from at least three insurers.

Is your representative or firm authorized to offer you a home insurance product?

Rental condos

You bought a condo unit so you could rent it out (after checking the declaration of co-ownershipThe declaration of co-ownership contains the rules of common living and administration of the condo. to make sure it’s allowed)? You should still purchase landlord insurance (a form of personal property insurance).

By law, all co-owners are required to hold at least third person liability insurance. You may also be required, under the declaration of co-ownership or by your mortgage lender, to maintain coverage for such things as:

In addition, your tenant may be required, by you or under the by-laws of the property, to take out a personal property insurance policy to cover their liability.

What to do in the event of a loss

Whether you suffer a loss from water damage, fire, theft or another cause, see how you can facilitate the settlement of your claim.

The loss affects a portion of the building or your condo unit? You must inform your syndicate of co-owners. The syndicate is responsible for getting the damage repaired and handling the claim with its insurer.

Are you the director of a syndicate of co-owners? Here's what you need to know

You’re responsible for the loss?

You could be held responsible for the damage caused to the building. If you’ve received a formal demand from the syndicate or another co-owner to pay an amount of money following a loss, notify your insurer. The insurer may take up your defence or provide an amount of money (amount payable) to cover the claim.

Complete all the necessary checks before submitting an offer to purchase

Planning to buy a condo? Complete the following checks. You could avoid complications and unexpected costs.

Is the building well maintained? 

If not, there is a higher risk of unavoidable repairs or even a loss. Note: Some insurers may refuse to insure a poorly maintained building or may agree to insure it but apply a high premium and/or deductible.

Is there enough money in the contingency fund? 

This fund is established by the syndicate and is used to pay for major repairs or replacement of the common portions. At least 5% of condo fees must be paid into the fund. If there isn’t enough money in the fund, you may be assessed an additional amount (special assessment) to cover the cost of future repairs. If it’s a new construction, beware if the condo fees are too low!

Has a self-insurance fund been established?

The self-insurance fund is primarily used to cover the deductibles under the syndicate’s insurance contract following a loss. The syndicate collects the money needed through the condo fees. This fund must be established by April 15, 2022.

Has a description of the standard condo unit been filed in the co-ownership register?

The description of the standard unit reflects the state of the unit before any improvements were made by the purchasing co-owner and any subsequent buyers. It can include items such as the ceiling and the original kitchen cabinets. If there is no description or there is but it’s short on detail, there could be problems when settling a claim.

How much is the building covered for? 

The building must be appraised by a member of the Ordre professionnel des évaluateurs agréés du Québec and be insured for its reconstruction cost. 

Find out about what the deductible(s)The deductible is the initial amount for damages that the insurer does not pay.
For example, with a deductible of $500, if you claim a total of $20,000 in damage coverage, your insurer would pay $19,500. , limitationsIn insurance, the limit is the maximum the insured will receive for an item in case of loss. and exclusionsAn exclusion is a risk that is not covered by an insurance policy, such as damage caused by war. are. The higher or more significant, the greater the risk that use will be made of the contingency fund and self-insurance fund, both of which are funded through condo fees.

How much will you pay for your insurance?

Condo owners must take out a form of personal property insurance called “condominium unit owner insurance” (commonly called “condo insurance”), which covers not only your property and third person liability, but also any improvements made to the standard condo unit. Before you make an offer, get a few quotes to find out the approximate cost of insurance for your future condo unit.

Insight

Refer to the list of questions to ask the syndicate of co-owners This link will open in a new window (in French only) prepared by the Chambre des notaires and the extensive information for condo buyers This link will open in a new window.

End of the insight

The obligations of a syndicate

The obligations of a syndicate are multifold. They include:

  • Maintaining the building
  • Insuring the condominium as well as third person liability for the following: the syndicate, the directors, the manager, the president and the secretary of the general meeting of the co-owners and the other persons responsible for seeing to its proper conduct
  • Having a professional appraise the building
  • Establishing a self-insurance fund
  • Establishing a contingency fund
  • Handling the settlement of claims relating to the building
  • Making a description of the standard unit available for the purpose of identifying improvements
  • Holding annual general meetings

For a description of all the obligations, refer to Lacopropriete.info This link will open in a new window (in French only), a website created by the Chambre des notaires du Québec.

How to find an insurer for the condo

The syndicate must insure the building, the common portions and common property, including every condo unit (except for improvements). It must also insure the third-person liability of the syndicate and its directors. 

The syndicate must deal with a commercial-lines damage insurance agent or broker. Before doing this, always check if they are authorized to offer you insurance.

Once the insurance contract has been entered into, the syndicate must make a copy of the contract available to the co-owners for consultation.

Insurers have become more selective over the years owing to the high volume of claims filed by syndicates.

Well-maintained, well-managed condos with fewer claims are more likely to receive quotes with better terms. It is worth taking preventative steps and minimizing risks by, for example, installing water leak detectors.

Note: The syndicate must notify the insurer of any information that could significantly affect the insurer’s assessment of the risk, including past lossesIn the field of insurance, a loss is damage sustained following an unfavourable event, such as death, illness, fire, accident, etc., regardless of whether a claim was filed for the loss. Not doing so could lead to a reduction in or the cancellation of coverage in the event of a claim.  

If you are having difficulty insuring the building, contact the AMF Information Centre to find out what options are available to you.

Is your representative or firm authorized to offer you a home insurance product?

Syndicate of Co-owners Insurance Supervisory Report(pdf - 577 KB)This link will open in a new windowUpdated on November 30, 2022In May 2021, the Autorité des marchés financiers (the “AMF”) launched a cross-sectional analysis of syndicate of co-owners insurance in Québec (“syndicates insurance”). The goal was to develop an overall portrait of syndicates insurance in terms of profitability and current commercial practices in the industry and, specifically, to find out what adjustments insurers have made to those practices as a result of the recent changes to the divided co-ownership insurance framework and the divided co-ownership framework in general. The AMF also looked at the prevalence in Québec of the practice of using best terms pricing (BTP) for subscription insurance policies.

Syndicate of Co-owners Insurance Supervisory Report

The AMF's overall findings (pdf - 577 KB)This link will open in a new windowUpdated on November 30, 2022In May 2021, the Autorité des marchés financiers (the “AMF”) launched a cross-sectional analysis of syndicate of co-owners insurance in Québec (“syndicates insurance”). The goal was to develop an overall portrait of syndicates insurance in terms of profitability and current commercial practices in the industry and, specifically, to find out what adjustments insurers have made to those practices as a result of the recent changes to the divided co-ownership insurance framework and the divided co-ownership framework in general. The AMF also looked at the prevalence in Québec of the practice of using best terms pricing (BTP) for subscription insurance policies.

Mandatory appraisals (evaluations) of all condo buildings, no matter the size

By law, the syndicate of co-owners is required to have the reconstruction cost of the building assessed (evaluated) every five years by a chartered appraiser who is a member in good standing of the Ordre des évaluateurs agréés du Québec This link will open in a new window, regardless of the building’s size, to ensure that the insurance amount covers reconstruction of the entire building.

The self-insurance fund and why you are required to establish one

Every syndicate will have to have a self-insurance fund in place. A self-insurance fund is used to pay the deductibles specified in the syndicate’s insurance contract. The fund may also be used to cover damage to the syndicate’s insured property when the insurance payment is not sufficient to do so or there is not enough money in the contingency fund. The syndicate collects the needed amounts from the condo owners through their condo fees.

The co-owners’ contribution to the fund is determined as followsThe deductible for damage caused by an earthquake or by flooding must be excluded when determining the co-owners’ contribution to the fund. Also, this amount determined in this way is the minimum contribution required by law. A syndicate may ask for higher contributions.:

  • If the amount accumulated in the fund is greater than or equal to the highest deductible amount, no contribution will be required from the co-owners for the current year.
  • If the accumulated amount is greater than 50% of the highest deductible, then the contribution from the co-owners for the year will be the difference between that deductible and the accumulated amount. For example, if the deductible is $40,000 and the amount accumulated in the self-insurance fund is $30,000, the amount to be paid into the fund will be $10,000.

  • If the accumulated amount is less than or equal to 50% of the highest deductible amount, then the contribution for the year will be 50% of that deductible. For example, if the deductible amount is $40,000 and the amount accumulated in the self-insurance fund is $5,000, the amount to be paid into the fund will be $20,000.

    However, if the co-owners’ minimum contribution to the self-insurance fund brings the amount in the fund to more than $100,000, the contribution may be reduced so that the amount in the fund is at least $100,000. For example, if the deductible amount is $500,000 and the amount accumulated in the self-insurance fund is $90,000, the co-owners will need to contribute a minimum of $10,000. However, the co-owners could decide to contribute more than this amount.

  • If the syndicate is required to draw on the fund following a loss, the co-owners will then have to contribute again in accordance with the above criteria. It could therefore take one to two years to replenish the fund, provided nothing else happens that requires its use.

The standard condo unit

This is the condo unit as it was originally built, i.e., the layout for each condo before improvements were made by a co-owner. It is also called the reference unit.

The syndicate must include a description of the standard unit in the co-ownership register. This description makes it easier to determine:

  • What the syndicate is required to insure (standard unit)
  • What each co-owner is required to insure (improvements)

What to do in the event of a loss affecting the building

The syndicate must report the loss to its insurer as soon as it becomes aware of it, even if the syndicate doesn’t intend to file a claim.

The syndicate must also see that the damage is repaired. If it decides to file a claim with the insurer, then the insurer will manage the claim.

This obligation rests with the syndicate even if just one co-owner is affected by the loss. The syndicate cannot relieve itself of its responsibility by asking the co-owner to resolve the situation.

Items covered by each insurance contract

Syndicate’s insurance Co-owner’s insurance
 
  • Building
  • Common areas
  • Common property
  • All standard condo units
  • Third person liability of the following: syndicate, directors, manager, president and secretary of the general meeting of the co-owners and the other persons responsible for seeing to its proper conduct
 		  
  • The personal belongings of the co-owner, including furniture
  • Third person liability of the co-owner
  • Improvements to the condo unit (which are not included in the description of the standard unit)
 

Where one of the co-owners is responsible for the loss

A few options are available to the syndicate.

If the syndicate chooses to file a claim with its insurer, there are two possible outcomes:

  • Outcome A: The loss is covered by the insurance contract on the building.
    The syndicate may ask the co-owner at fault to pay the amount of the deductible specified in the syndicate’s policy and the cost of the work in excess of the insurance limits. The co-owner may then file a claim for these amounts with their own personal property insurer, which will evaluate it.
  • Outcome B: The loss is not covered by the building insurance contract.
    The syndicate will have to assume the total cost of the work. It may then claim the cost from the co-owner at fault. The co-owner may file a claim for that amount with their own personal property insurer, which will evaluate it.

If the syndicate chooses not to file a claim with its insurer:

  • It will have to assume the cost of the work. To do this, it will be able to use its contingency fund and self-insurance fund (if the contingency fund is insufficient to cover the total cost of the work) and/or apportion the cost among all the co-owners through a special assessment.
  • The syndicate may claim the amount of its deductible from the co-owner at fault. It may also claim the cost of the work in excess of the insurance limits specified in its contract. However, it cannot ask the co-owner to pay for damage that would have been covered by its insurer.

In all cases, both the syndicate and the co-owner at fault must report the loss to their insurers.

Alix’s aquarium causes water damage

The aquarium in Alix’s condo unit shattered, causing damage to the floor* of the unit below hers. The syndicate is insured for this type of damage. The deductible is $1,000. The syndicate chooses not to file a claim with its insurer. It is aware that it must assume the cost of repairs, which amounts to $3,500.

The syndicate considers Alix responsible for the damage. It is not allowed to claim the total amount of $3,500 from Alix, since that amount would have been covered by the syndicate’s insurer. Nevertheless, the syndicate could claim the $1,000 deductible imposed by its insurer from Alix.

If Alix’s insurer, after assessing her liability, agrees to compensate the syndicate for the amount of the deductible ($1,000), the syndicate will have to assume the remaining $2,500, which it could collect from the owners through a special assessment.

*For the purpose of this example, the damaged floor is included in the description of the reference condo unit as it appears in the register of the syndicate.

What the AMF can do for you

The AMF provides assistance services relating to condo building insurance and co-owner’s insurance (personal home insurance). Specifically, we offer:

  • An information telephone service
  • Assistance with any issues you may have in getting your complaint processed by an insurer or an insurance broker
  • Conciliation or mediation services, where appropriate

References

Justice Québec and the Chambre des notaires websiteThis link will open in a new window (in French only)