Fraudulent on-line trading platforms are becoming increasingly sophisticated, making them particularly difficult to detect. They often masquerade as legitimate investment opportunities promising quick, substantial gains. Fortunately, there are some simple and effective ways to recognize and protect yourself against them.

What are fraudulent on-line trading platforms?

Fraudulent on-line trading platforms often resemble legitimate platforms, but their sole goal is to get money out of you. Investors can be easily misled by these sites, because they are well-designed and are often very professional looking.

The fraudsters that operate these platforms are usually very convincing in their roles as courteous, well-informed advisers. They are often very active on social media platforms. Some of them will even use the names of individuals listed in the AMF register of firms and individuals authorized to practise and will refer you to the register so you can check it.

In many cases, such platforms are managed from abroad, including from places in Southeast Asia, and the people who contact you are, in many cases, working in call centres called boiler rooms. Sometimes, the minds behind these platforms claim to have offices in reputable locations, like London or Switzerland, so as to appear more legitimate. Getting your money back can be very difficult, if not impossible.

Insight

Validate the identity of the person presenting themselves to you as an adviser

To make sure the person you’re communicating with is who they say they are, always use the contact information from the register rather than trusting information provided to you by other means.

End of the insight

How to recognize a fraudulent investment platform

The types of products offered on fraudulent platforms change to reflect the latest trends and tend to be the ones generating the most interest in traditional and/or social media. In addition to capitalizing on the cryptoasset craze to target investors, the fraudsters may also offer a wide range of financial products, including currency (forex) and shares.

It can sometimes be difficult to spot a fraudulent trading platform, because they are well-designed, look polished and appear credible.

Here is one example:

Well-designed, polished and professional-looking website

Access to known on-line trading tools like MetaTrader

Offers known financial products; changes quickly to reflect trends

Using Interac e-Transfer or a credit card to invest IS NOT recommended

Did you know?

In 2024, the AMF received more than 1,300 reports from members of the public about fraudulent investment sites and added 255 fraudulent platforms to its Investor warnings list.

Here are some red flags to help you identify this type of investment fraud.

The person who contacts you may do things like:

  • try to quickly win your trust by talking with you about anything and everything
  • be insistent and pressure you to let them help you open an account by, for example, allowing them to access your computer remotely
  • promise you very high returns
  • ask you to deposit money on the platform via Interac e-Transfer, by credit card or in crypto
  • encourage you to make a small initial investment and then to subsequently increase the amount
  • invent all kinds of excuses (taxes, system failures or updates, poor returns) to prevent you from withdrawing your money, then vanish into thin air

Charlie and the fake investment site

Charlie has always felt as if he has had to put off things because of a lack of money, including his dreams of travel. One day he notices an ad on social media touting an opportunity to earn very high returns on an investment. He suddenly feels hopeful: This could be life changing!

Promises, promises and more promises

The opportunity is attractive. The advertised returns are impressive, though perhaps too good to be true. Charlie hesitates at first, but his curiosity gets the better of him: He clicks on a link and fills out a form to get more information. He tells himself he has nothing to lose because he hasn’t committed to anything yet.

A little while later, an “adviser” texts Charlie. The message’s tone is professional and reassuring. The person offers him an opportunity to invest in crypto through an on-line trading platform. The platform is well designed, modern and credible looking. The “adviser” suggests he start with a “reasonable” amount ($350) to “test the platform.” They promise Charlie quick profits and are willing to answer his questions.

For the first time in ages, Charlie feels like he is being offered a real opportunity to finally make some money.

When the money seems within reach

Charlie, seduced by the idea that he might actually be able to tangibly improve his financial situation, decides to give the platform a try by investing the suggested amount. The figures displayed on the platform appear as if they are increasing fast. Earnings are piling up. The positive comments he sees on-line are bolstering his confidence. Everything seems to prove that he has made the right decision.

Charlie is gradually looking ahead to a brighter future. The money could open doors that up to now have been closed to him. He finds any warnings he gets from friends and family excessive. Even his financial institution is expressing reservations, but Charlie minimizes them. After all, he can see the results with his own eyes.

Convinced he finally holds the key to a different future, he dismisses everyone’s warnings and invests more and more money, driven by the sensation that each amount invested is bringing him one step closer to the life of his dreams.

What he doesn’t realize is that everything he is seeing has been carefully staged by fraudsters.

When it all falls apart

When Charlie decides to withdraw his money so he can turn his plans into reality, things stop going smoothly. He is asked to pay service fees and tax-related charges before he can retrieve his earnings. The “adviser” insists that these charges are normal and temporary.

This time, Charlies is having doubts. He asks more questions. Next thing you know, there’s radio silence: the "adviser" is no longer answering his queries. Charlie can’t access the platform anymore and his money has disappeared.

It dawns on Charlie that he’s been scammed. He realizes that he had never taken the time to check whether the platform and adviser are registered with the AMF. The professional looking platform, promises and (fake) results had led him to believe the service was legitimate. He also realizes that the hopes he had placed in promises of quick profits were so strongly felt that they had triumphed over his doubts.

The loss hits him hard not only because his money is gone but also because any hopes he had nursed of finally clearing his path ahead of financial obstacles had evaporated.

How to prevent fraud by fraudulent on-line trading platforms

Always

  • Make sure that the platform is registered with the AMF and the name of the person presenting themselves as an adviser is listed in the register of firms and individuals authorized to practise, and that their phone number and civic address match the ones in the register
  • If you have doubts about an investment platform, cryptoasset trading platform or adviser, seek the AMF’s opinion
  • Check our Investor warnings about websites and companies that solicit investors illegally
  • Be wary of promises of high returns on low-risk investments
  • Research the investment product that is being offered to you

Not recommended

  • Making an investment using a credit card or Interac e-Transfer

Never

  • Send anyone you don’t know money based on an unsolicited call or e-mail
  • Make a hasty decision or decide anything under pressure
  • Give out sensitive personal information, such as banking information, your driver’s licence number or utility bill details
  • Let anyone take control of your computer, especially someone who you don’t know who claims to want to help you invest
  • Invest with someone who isn’t registered with the AMF
  • Transfer your investments from one platform to a platform that is not registered with the AMF or does not have a place of business in Canada

What to do in the event of fraud

Anyone can be a victim of fraud, so don’t beat yourself up. Fraudulent on-line trading platforms seem credible, so it's increasingly difficult to detect them.

  • Refer to the You're a victim of fraud? page to find out what to do, and contact the AMF if the fraud involves purported investments.
  • Break off all communications with the person or persons involved and stop sending money.

Be careful: Fraudsters often target their victims more than once. They may contact you claiming to be a lawyer, financial institution or firm specializing in financial fraud cases and offer to recover the money you lost.